Life Span Development Essays - Curious George, Child Development

Life expectancy Development Essays - Curious George, Child Development Life expectancy Development In the book, Curious George rides a bicycle by H.A. Rey, George gets another bicycle from his companion. His companion instructs him to be cautious with his new bicycle and to hold near the house while he is no more. George doesn't tune in to his companion and chooses to go investigating ceaselessly from the house. While investigating, George sees two young men playing with their toy pontoons and afterward concludes that he needs to play with a toy vessel. George made an arrangement (how to make the vessel) and afterward he did the errand. George made himself a pontoon out of paper. This is a case of stage two, 1-3 years, Erikson. In stage two, kids express their developing restraint by climbing, contacting, investigating, and attempt to get things done for themselves. (Dennis Coon) Though most kids in stage two would investigate their kitchen floor, or roof, not a waterway! I likewise read the story, Curious George gets a decoration by H.A. Rey. In this story George makes a wreck in his companions house. George is on edge to tidy up the chaos before his companion returns home. The explanation that he is so anxious to tidy up the chaos is on the grounds that he is pondering the potential outcomes of his activities. On the off chance that this were a real young man, he would think, I dont need to get rebuffed, so I will tidy up the chaos. Or then again, Oh, No! Im going to stumble into huge difficulty! This is a case of Stage 1 the preconventional level, Kohlberg. On the off chance that his companion werent returning home would George work so energetically to tidy up the wreckage? I think not. In the second 50% of the book, George is approached to help an educator in a to some degree risky examination. The educator that has solicited this from him says, obviously everything will be pardoned on the off chance that you are happy to go. (George got into a touch of difficulty while he was there.) George consents to this solicitation since he needs to satisfy others. George needs to be pleasant. For what reason would a kid need to please others? This is on the grounds that they are attempting to keep away from objection. This is a case of Stage 3, the traditional level, Kohlberg. The last book that I read was Curious George by H.A. Rey. George is taken from his home in Africa, to a major boat. His companion advises him to run along and play however dont fall into any difficulty. George vows to be acceptable. George discovered some ocean gulls on the deck, and saw that they could fly. He needed to fly as well. George attempted to fly, and fell into the sea. Clearly, George isn't thinking legitimately. He doesn't understand that he can not fly. This is a case of the preoperational stage, 2-7 years. Piaget. I have another case of the preoperational stage not identified with the book. My younger sibling, Zo, is 4 years of age. My mom as of late got her a customized tune tape. In the start of the tape it requests that her holler out her name. She shouts, Zo!!. At that point it says Zo?! That is a decent name! All through the tape her name is remembered for the entirety of the tunes. She feels that the individual talking can extremely here her! Presently, refocusing. In the wake of falling into the sea George is saved and by and by guarantees that he won't stumble into any more difficulty. For what reason would a genuine youngster choose this in the event that he/she were in a similar circumstance? They would act along these lines since they would consider their own needs. They wouldn't have any desire to fall into the water again or be disturbed in any capacity. This is a case of stage two, the preconventional stage, joy looking for direction. Taking everything into account, I have discovered these phases to remain constant, in my very own life, and in childrens storybooks. Its extremely extraordinary to at long last comprehend why my younger sibling acts the manner in which she does!

The Decline Of America As A Superpower Politics Essay

The Decline Of America As A Superpower Politics Essay So what makes the United States so amazing? A significantly progressively fascinating inquiry is to what extent will it authoritative status last? These inquiries have been profoundly challenged in the Political Science and International Relations field. History has given us understanding concerning why different authorities, for example, Rome and Britain fallen, yet it is critical to make a differentiation among history and Political Science, yes history loans some assistance yet it doesn't direct what will occur later on. The speculations and contentions introduced in this paper will speak to the fluctuating perspectives on United States as a superpower. With the ascent of China and India and the world which is by all accounts moving toward a more multipolar circulation of intensity it appears as though the United States is reaching a conclusion inside the following 20 years. Anyway India and China face major inner issues, for example, ethnic division and political defilement that is disallowing it from completely blooming into a superpower. Thusly I contend that the United States will remain the superpower, yet not exclusively will the U.S. need to embrace new approaches yet additionally be enthusiastically to acknowledge the way that it force will be basically less ground-breaking. Fareed Zakarias article The Future of the American force: How would america be able to Survive the ascent of the rest: draws obvious examinations between Britain when it was the prevailing power on the planet and the U.S. One of the examinations is the Boer war and the Iraq war. [1] There were 45,000 setbacks, lost an a large portion of a billion pounds, and extended its military past its ability. The picture of Britain was presently taken a gander at in a negative light. Be that as it may, Britain added to its fast decrease by wasteful administration and defilement in war its war tacticsâ [2]â . Zakaria challenge that anyway that Britains go wrong was not a direct result of poor legislative issues but since of terrible financial matters. He gives a case of how Britain neglected to put forth attempts that will encourage development later on; while Britain was focusing on delivering bikes the United States was creating 12 fold the number of carsâ [3]â . Zakaria additionally fo cuses to the reality Britain decided to submit to rising force which was the United States at the time likewise added to its place as were it currently as second level the U.S. The demonstration of accommodation is noteworthy to the future to connections in a world is turning out to be increasingly more globalized. It has been represented in American international strategy that the U.S. is hesitant to submit to a concession with respect to international strategy. At the 2010 Nuclear Summit the president Barack Obama underscored that the United States is the pioneer in international strategy with regards to battling psychological warfare around the globe and that the activities taken by the U.S. is for the improvement of the world. What is fascinating about this announcement is before the culmination president Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev marked the START bargain. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was image of another beginning in U.S. Russians relations which had hit a record-breaking low during the Bush organization. All the more critically this demonstration flags how the United States are surrendering a one viewpoint that is fundamental to its stat us as the Hegemonic power on the planet, its atomic weapons. Conceded that once these weapons are decimated both the United States and Russia have enough atomic weapons to demolish the remainder of the world this multiple times over; it was maybe an image of uncommon collaboration between two nations who are amazing in their own viewpoints, to profit them two particularly picture shrewd. President Dmitry Medvedevs international strategy is includes what a few researchers anticipate will turn out to be increasingly unmistakable in the worldwide region, which is patriotism. Universal Law and the world are turning out to be multipolar. [4] The United States relationship with its most significant worldwide foundation, NATO is turning out to be increasingly hostile; varying conclusions on the war on Afghanistan, the presence of U.S. atomic weapons in Europe and its tepid relationship with Moscow are causing worry for the United Statesâ [5]â . In the event that NATO can't go to a concurrence with the its crucial Afghanistan, to be perfectly honest, the U.S. war loaded up with numerous issues; an absence of trust between the U.S. what's more, president Karzi, Afghanistans apparently moderate reaction to the U.S. push towards democratization, and hundreds and thousands of Afghani setbacks. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton has made an ongoing excursion to Estonia to me with NATO to help patch differenceâ [6]â . In the event that distinctions with NATO emerge into more profound contradiction the United States could endure a serious hit to its impact. It has been in delineated in the past how the United States utilizes its impact in international strategy to direct and shape international strategy that will decrease the danger against them and bears them the chance to control parts of new military improvement with its partners and enemiesâ [7]â . This has been the position of American international strategy, a model is when Europe endeavored to frame its military free of U.S. impact this obviously was met with extraordinary analysis and reaction from the United States, this anticipation of a military impact has been a strategy conveyed by both republican and majority rule organization beginning with Bush I, Clinton, and Bush II [8] . It is indistinct regarding whether president Obama will proceed with this strategy as steadfastly as the pas t presidents. International strategy isn't the main potential issue that the United States Fareed Zakaria contends that before the American Dream there was the British method of lifeâ [9]â . His point being that the American dream is similarly as helpless to turning into a piece of history similarly as the British lifestyle has become a piece ever. Anyway this isn't really evident a similar article American culture is continually being sustained in the media around the globe and English is the most well-known all inclusive language, American music, motion pictures, and motion pictures stars are the most perceived on the planet. The United States remains the most appealing spot for outside students from abroad with 30% roughly each yearâ [10]â . Delicate force can be the way to keeping America as a domineering force and the U.S. perceives that. President Barack Obama has underscored the significance of training he has pushed to make school reasonable for each American youngster. Its an obvious fact the United States battles with a disparity hole concerning instruction. It is frequently resounded that American understudies are falling behind in math and science yet whenever inspected a little nearer this is just to some degree valid: those numbers speak to the schools that don't have the assets which is a little issue now yet on the off chance that not fixed the third of the populace that this measurement reflects won't have the option to add to the economy and accordingly will decline the effectively stressed economyâ [11]â . He has likewise focused on the significance of junior colleges giving those understudies who for reasons unknown couldn't go to a multi year college immediately an opportunity to use their training in a positive manner. In contrast with its two enemies China and India, the United States schools outpe rforms their instructive framework. The nature of instruction in those nations is frail when contrasted with the United States. A model was given that reverberates and validate this point explicitly with China. China shows its understudies to test while the United States shows its understudies to think fundamentally. Pioneers from developing nations perceive that having the option to think fundamentally which have propelled visits from government authorities to schools. Monetarily the United States puts more in training than Europe: the United States contribute 2.6%, Europe contribute 1.2%, and Japan contributing 1.1%â [12]â . America leads in nanotechnology and biotechnology two subject fields which motivate advancement and speculation. What cultivates nanotechnology and biotechnology to develop is designing. Statics show that China and India are creating a greater number of specialists than the United States. As indicated by the numbers the China produces 600,000 and India produ ces 300,000. Anyway when broke down more intently the designers that are come out of these nations are educated to determine or make basic taskâ [13]â . The United States colleges has the advantage of offering motivating forces to individuals who decide to study building particularly minorities on account of this there has been greater support to youth to take on those fields, the plan being to keep Americas serious edge. President Barack Obama has just expanded the NASA spending plan by $6 billion vowing to direct propel examine in space, new missions to Mars, and increment earth based perception to show signs of improvement investigation of the earths environmentâ [14]â . What the United States is doing is expanding on Human capital. Clearly through on account of the current financial emergency the United States understands that putting resources into wellbeing, training, and advancement is an approach to keep the nation in front of an opposition that could be viewed as a conceivable danger sooner rather than later. What gives America the preferred position is that it has the ability to put resources into Human capital. Rather than China as referenced where there is enormous uniqueness between the provincial network and the urban network and India where absence of education rates are faltering particularly among ladies and men. What's more Europe will confront its own Human capital issue: in light of its maturing populace fewer and fewer individuals will be ready to work and it will turn out to be all the more exorbitant to take of them. Interestingly the United States is relied upon to see an expansion in populace the U.S. populace is required to inc rement by 65 million individuals in 2030â [15]â , and given the present endeavors by the U.S. they will more innovation sound, significantly increasingly taught, and more beneficial than past generat

The Psychology Behind Consumer Behavior

The Psychology Behind Consumer Behavior Theories Print The Psychology Behind Consumer Behavior By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 24, 2019 Betsie Van Der Meer / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Are you interested in why and how people buy some products and not others? Have you ever wondered how media messages influence a shoppers buying choices? If so, then you might be interested in the growing field known as consumer psychology. Consumer psychology is a specialty area that studies how our thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions influence how people buy and relate to goods and services.?? One formal definition of the field describes it as the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Consumer psychologists investigate how the decision-making process, social persuasion, and motivation influence why shoppers buy some things but not others. In this overview of the profession, learn more about what consumer psychologists do and where they work. The Science of Consumer Behavior According to the Society for Consumer Psychology, Division 23 of the American Psychological Association, consumer psychology employs theoretical psychological approaches to understanding consumers.?? This field is often considered a sub-specialty of industrial-organizational psychology and is also known as the psychology of consumer behavior or the psychology of marketing. Consumer psychologists study a variety of topics including:?? How consumers choose businesses, products, and servicesThe thought processes and emotions behind consumer decisionsHow environmental variables such as friends, family, media, and culture influence buying decisionsWhat motivates people to choose one product over anotherHow personal factors and individual differences affect peoples buying choicesWhat marketers can do to effectively reach out to their target customers What Do Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Do? What Consumer Psychologists Do So what exactly does a typical consumer psychologist do? These professionals play a critical role not only in helping businesses understand what their customers want and need but also in helping sellers promote and market their products and services to buyers.?? Conduct Market Research Because businesses need to understand their consumers in order to develop products and marketing campaigns that appeal to their target audience, consumer psychologists often spend a great deal of time learning more about what makes shoppers tick. This often involves first figuring out the target audience for a particular product including the gender, age, and socioeconomic status of the typical shopper.?? Next, the consumer psychologist might begin researching the types of products and marketing messages that appeal to these types of buyers. Develop Marketing Messages Other consumer psychologists might focus on social marketing, or how ideas and messages spread among groups. Researchers might be interested in getting out information about a product or an important public health message. Learning how beliefs and attitudes spread among groups can help organizations learn how to better get their message out and encourage word-of-mouth marketing. Research Consumer Attitudes and Behaviors Consumer psychologists often conduct research to learn more about buyer behavior. Common research methods used by these professionals include experiments, phone surveys, focus groups, direct observations, and questionnaires.?? Chances are good that you have participated in at least one market research survey in your life. These are often conducted by phone, but may also be done online or through direct mail. In a survey, consumers are often asked to describe their past shopping behavior, factors that influenced their decision-making, and their future buying plans. Researchers also typically gather details about each respondents sex, age, race, educational history, and current financial situation. This type of information can be very useful  since it allows researchers to look for patterns and learn more about who buys certain products.?? For example, using a survey might allow researchers to discover that women between the ages of 30 and 45 who have a household income between $50,000 to $100,000 are most likely to buy a particular product or service. By knowing this, they can then begin designing marketing campaigns aimed at this target audience. How Do Attitudes Form and Change? Education and Training Requirements So what kind of training do you need if you want to be a consumer psychologist? Most entry-level jobs in consumer psychology require at least a bachelors degree in psychology. Entry-level jobs with a bachelors degree typically involve planning, conducting, and interpreting the results of market research campaigns. Those interested in more advanced positions or in teaching at the university level will need a masters or doctorate degree in an area related to consumer psychology. Such degree options include general psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, marketing, and consumer studies.?? If you are interested in becoming a consumer psychologist: Focus on taking courses that will build your understanding of human behavior, marketing, social psychology, personality, and cultureTake courses in advertising and marketingTake courses in experimental methods, particularly experimental design and statistics Career Options The career path you ultimately choose will depend a great deal upon your interests and educational background. For example, if you have an interest in conducting theoretical research and teaching, consider earning a doctorate degree so that you can teach courses and perform original research at a university. If you prefer to work in an area like market research, advertising, or sales, a bachelors degree might be sufficient. Other job options include acting as a consultant for private businesses or working for government agencies. In such jobs, consumer psychologists might be asked to perform a wide range of duties including development marketing campaigns, researching buyer trends, designing social media advertising, or analyzing statistics.?? A Word From Verywell? Understanding what makes people buy the things they do is much more than a guessing game. Businesses now employ consumer psychologists to scientifically evaluate their customers decisions and choices. The next time you look at an advertisement or take a consumer survey, consider the role that consumer psychologists may have played in developing those messages and questionnaires. Career Options In Psychology

The Victims Of Violent Crime - 1649 Words

Introduction Victims of violent crime experience extreme emotional distress, which is particularly intense for those who suffer serious physical injuries that require hospitalization. Unfortunately, most victims leave the hospital without receiving any services to reduce this distress or any information about crime victim compensation programs to which they may be entitled. Moreover, many victims do not participate in the judicial process because such participation would exacerbate the emotional problems they are experiencing and because they know little about it. This lack of criminal justice system knowledge may further contribute to victims’ emotional problems; particularly if they are called on to participate in the process.†¦show more content†¦Although there have not been systematic, detailed investigations to determine the extent to which graduate programs have included curriculum in the area of abuse, the professional literature suggests that graduate training programs have largely ignored abuse as a specific content area. Alpert (1990), for example, noted that there is relatively little formal education and training in child sexual abuse. A subsequent survey of female psychologists also showed that student-teacher sexual contact was quite common (17%) and that, in hindsight, women believed that they were negatively affected by such contact (Glaser Thorpe, 1986). These reports of negative effects, particularly when viewed in the context of ethics and coercion, raise questions of whether such intimacies may in some cases constitute abuse. Most participants believed that student-educator sexual contact was unethical regardless of whether it occurred during (96.2%) or outside (72.8%) of the working relationship. Only 2.5% of the participants believed that such involvements were not at all coercive if they occurred in the working relationship; only 17% believed involvements were not at all coercive if they occurred outside of the working re lationship. Problem statement When asking for a physical therapist to help people to overcome an injury or a lifelong sprain. That situation can have a million problems to it. One of the problems is that

The Characteristics of Assistance in Writing a Paper

The Characteristics of Assistance in Writing a Paper Whatever They Told You About Assistance in Writing a Paper Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why The full text ought to be double-spaced. Go to the purchase page and choose which sort of paper you expect from us. Thus, it's advised to begin with an outline. Sentence structure determines the position of the parentheses. A 1 hour essay deadline may be true problem, if you're not good enough at writing and expressing your ideas on a topic you aren't really interested in. With something as hard as writing a very first draft, you must keep moving. Your very first draft may be difficult but since it doesn't have to be useful, you may always power through. If you order from us, you can secure a draft of your paper to make certain your writer is heading in the correct direction. Our writers always create unique content that is absolutely free from all grammatical error. Experienced and attentive When you seek the services of an expert essay writer at our service, you obtain an opportunity to cooperate with an individual, who has an extraordinary educational background. It ought to be evident that there's a quality English speaking writer who's going to compose the paper from scratch. The Battle Over Assistance in Writing a Paper and How to Win It Due to how our writing crew is really large, we can offer academic assistance with just about any topic possible. There are times that you try to do your best and even then you're not able to score well in your home tasks. Whenever you believe you want a paper writing help, contact us with your assignment and you'll get quality academic assistance however challenging the job is. Most legi timate paper writing services are likely to permit a client to meet and select the paper writer they will be working with so that a comfortable level can be developed, throughout the procedure. The rigor of the TPC meeting depends upon the size and standing of the conference. In case you have any questions regarding your duties, please get in touch with me via email. There's a format for all to follow for the simplicity of understanding. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. Our writing team contains experienced pros with various academic backgrounds and they're always prepared to work for you. Should you need any help, don't be afraid to stop by Paperwritings.com. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts. Getting the Best Assistance in Writing a Paper Just describe what you need and want your paper appears like and we'll satisfy your requirements easily. Any paper is going to be written on time for an affordable price. The moment the paper is ready, it'll be available for download. Following your paper was finished, you'll also be requested to rate the author. You're doing your best, but the outcomes are sometimes not satisfying. Consequently from using our services, you will be given a custom-written paper it's possible to use for your own purposes. Otherwise, collating and balancing financial reports from various sources will be totally impossible. Try to remember, the way that you talk is not the way that you compose a paper. A lot of people read abstracts and decide whether to bother with the remaining part of the paper. Even should you need to purchase research paper done in 6 hours, you can rely on us. Select a particular topic It's essential that you pick a topic which is right for the duration of your paper. You may order elements of papers you're assigned to write also. Research papers also incorporate writing a proposal. Together with the UK Essay Help undergraduates can't get worried about the time but delight in a complete life. To allow you to truly feel comfortable, we offer a refund guarantee. Tell us where you can be found! Thus, you will know all that is necessary.

Need Statement Free Essays

X is a socio-cultural organization     working for social reformations for over two decades. It is a registered NGO, a non-profit organization. Currently, the main thrust of the organization is drug demand reduction amongst the younger generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Need Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drug abuse and alcoholism are among major causes for social maladies and     they misdirect the youth to antisocial activities and terrorism. The program initiated by X is an exclusive Psycho Analytical Treatment Module, which works on the total personality of an individual (addict). The highlight of our program is craving for drugs and alcohol is erased from the mind of the addict. That prevents the relapse, which is the major cause of worry in most of the drug demand reduction program. The drug demand reduction program of X has changed the lives of many individuals, transformed and rehabilitated families. X therefore, wishes to set up a comprehensive centre for de-addiction as it is felt that with growing number of cases, makeshift arrangements are not enough. X wishes to establish a full-fledged treatment centre.   Many across the country as well as a sizeable number from abroad have enquired about and have suggested for a proper permanent centre for inpatients, which require treatment for a fairly long period. â€Å"It is better to have a world united than a world divided; but it s better to have a world divided than a world destroyed,† said Sir Winston Churchill at the time of Second World War! At that time, perhaps Mr. Churchill did not think about this new war, where the youth of all the countries will join together, the war objective being mutual destruction. Who’s fighting whom in this weaponless, ammunition less war of drug-addiction? The most unfortunate aspect of this war is youth are the Commanders and the Generals! Thousands are recruited, without sex-bias, to this army of self-annihilation.   Mostly, youth partake in this death-march, and one can often hear the beat of the muffled drums, because drug death rates among the youth are increasing alarmingly. Youth have another shameful situation to face. â€Å"Often it is the victims of peddling who are arrested and prosecuted (for solicitation) rather than the traffickers† (UNODC-2007) Youth took to the drugs at a very young age, and walked up to the grave! That is their achievement in life! They have nothing to look forward to in life! The moral collapse of the younger generation is the worst thing that can happen to any country and humanity as a whole. Constructive dynamism should be the watchwords for this generation, but they preferred the ‘warmth’ of the fire-place beside the drug-joints .To provide the complete drug statistics, will mean writing an encyclopedia. The situation is simply mind-boggling. Therefore, the goal of X Organization is to bring total reduction in drug demand among the addicts and transform our drug-afflicted society into a society that is totally liberated from drug and substance abuse and make it   morally strong to stand against the related evils under any and all circumstances. It is no use brooding over the statistics, whether drug addicts are 1 million or 10 million! The menace has assumed alarming proportions, with no signs of abating.   If it is not checked with extra-serious efforts, the disastrous results will be catastrophic!   Youth are caught in it, and the clutches are too strong. The combustible younger generation is burning itself in the fire of various types of drug addictions. The present efforts made by UNODC, Govt. agencies, medical practitioners and philanthropists in the area of drug demand reduction, are like blocking a furiously advancing avalanche with the fence of straw. Or trying to touch the moon by kite flying! Or controlling the rising flood waters of the river by filling pitchers! Statistical studies and data are no doubt needed, but it is no use digging the well when the house is on fire. When there is a war, your goal should be to win the war, no matter how you do it. The initiatives should be implemented by honest people on a massive     scale. The transformation from addiction to de-addiction is like driving a vehicle, in the reverse gear—it is slow; has to be done with extra care! â€Å"When it comes to drug abuse people within a community can be seen as belonging to three different zones. The three zones can be best compared to a traffic light. People in the green zone are those who do not use drugs presently. Those in the amber zone are the early users, who run a great risk of developing problems. Those in the red zone are persons who are addicted. People in the red zone need treatment that is expensive and requires a lot of effort, and relapses are frequent. Therefore, red zone strategies include detoxification and rehabilitation† (UNODC Thematic Pamphlets 9) Majority of the youth addicts are in the red zone! As already stated, X is a non-profit Organization, just covering up its expenses through small donations, but it has the stability and experience of two decades behind it. Some of the philanthropists have been approached and seized of the issue. The activities of the project will be divided into two years. The program chalked out is: 1. Acquisition and possession of land 2. Outpatient department of the de addiction centre will be constructed first to initiate the following activities. a) Specialist and Medical Staff. b) Medicine Room. c) Landscaping for Naturopathy. d) Herbal Garden e) Community Education Program. f) Residential facilities for inpatient treatment. Project Impact: The objective of this treatment is to provide a treatment that treats, cures, detoxifies, recovers and rehabilitates an addict. Also transforms the individual in such a manner that there is a total denial to and abstinence from Drugs, alcohol and any type of substance abuse. With the impact of the project there would be increase in the level of awareness among masses and the stakeholders that there is a technique besides customary medical techniques that can totally transform and reform an addict into a decent individual and make productive member of the society. Counseling has the dominant role to play in the cure of the youth drug-addict.   They are, improving study, deepening self-understanding, and solving personal problems, etc. Solutions and intervention: To treat youth drug-addicts is not like the treatment of patients with cold or headache. Each addict is a special person and his problems are his own and they are quite intriguing. You have to deal with a cluster of problems relating to an individual before he is cured finally. This is a job of great perseverance, apart from the medical knowledge about the treatment. Drug demand reduction is a co-operative effort. Several persons are involved in the treatment of a drug addict. The co-operation of the addict is all the more important. .Monitoring and Evaluation: Internal monitoring and evaluation of the program will be carried out by the Organization Management, evaluation staff will be appointed and trained. The Fund Utilization Certificate will be made available through a registered Chartered Accountant. Conclusion: When a drug addict is constantly nagged and abused, condemned and ostracized by society, he turns into a viler and bitter individual. In such cases showering of pity alone will not help much. Heartfelt care and concern, an understanding approach, and tender regard for feelings are necessary prerequisites to heal the inner wounds, the self-inflicted damage.   Coupled with this, everybody involved in the treatment, directly and indirectly, need to learn to forgive and forget the past of the patient in order to help him build a new identity. References: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-Strategic Programs Framework-South Asia-2005-2007-Priority Problems –Page 4 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-Thematic Pamphlets 9–Prevention in the Community-Role of a Community Worker. Word Count:1286 How to cite Need Statement, Essay examples

Young goodman brown 4 Essay Example For Students

Young goodman brown 4 Essay Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, a story of innoncence betrayed, leaves the reader wondering if Brown made any kind of jounrney at all. Was Brown tired when he left his home and Faith, so much so that maybe he fell asleep in the forest at the begining of his journey? Hawthornes use of allegory and symbolism abound in this tale of a young mans shattered faith. THe most sacred role models Brown had ever had were challenged in his incredible journey. Being reared in the Puritain faith Brown had been programmed to shun evil and embrace goodness. As he embarked on his journey his Faith begged him to stay with her and do not leave her that evening, leaving Brown that night with the parting words, I hope all is well when you return. In this era and the Puritain faith wickedness belonged to the devil. Faiths parting words sowed a doubt in his mind abouth her fidelity, therefore, setting the stage for Browns walk with the devel. We will write a custom essay on Young goodman brown 4 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As he walked through the forest with the dard stranger, who bore a striking resenbelense to his father, Brown had to confront that maybeall in his world was not as it appeared to be. Every person that he had a high regard for was challenged on this walk. Evil too the shape of his father and goodness his own mother reaching for him. Even if a dream, Brown could not bring himself to soil his mothers image. He had no suchproblem with Goody Cloyse who had been a mentor since he was a young child. As his journey continued in the darkest night of the year he had to deal with the fact that maybe his faith had not been compromised. Subconciously, Goodman Brown was uneasy about faith. She did not want to be left alone by he husband of only three monthes, and was upset that he could still embark on this journey after she begged him to stay. Tghe reasons for his unease could have been actions committed by Brown himself. Why did brown go out on this dark on this dark night? Was his walk with the devil symbolic of a deed he embarked on that evening? Has marriage freed him from his parents upbringing ans was he out for a night of carousing and hell raising?Many twists and turns were prevalent in this short journey leaving the reader wondering just what Goodman Brown was up to that evening. Whatever happened in the forest that night served its evil purpose, shattering Browns faith and leaving his lrfe irrevocably changed. Evil was symbolized in the journey in many forms, thick tree trunks, the devils staff taking on the form of a serpent, witches, shadows and darkness were Browns companions that evening. Did Brown return home and find Gaith in a situation so compromising that his journey was imaginary, or were his own deeds that evening so evil they took another form in his mind?THe mane Goodman was symbolic itself (a good man) to suggest to the reader a sense of goodness. Whatever eveil Brown witnedded on that dark night was a challenge to everything he held dear, yet even in his subconcious state he could not bring himself to see evil in his mother. Even as his father begged him to embrace his mother beckoned him back. His final agony was his Faith. The high regard for all that was pure and good were centered in his Faith, when Brown asked her to look hevenward and found himself back in the forest alone without knoeing whether she obeyed him or not, gave him the final blow. Browns life was changed i n that instant and for the rest of his life, his faith was shattered in all mankind. Whatever happened on this journey, whether imaginary or real was so devestating for Young Goodman Brown that he looked for the rest of his life with scorn for fellow man, never allowing himself to trust or have faith again. .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .postImageUrl , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:hover , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:visited , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:active { border:0!important; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:active , .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53ffc343dc40172b4f619889ea03a11c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: stem cell research EssayHawthornes use of good vs. evil betrays the sinful nature of man, allowing that evil and sin prevail over goodness. Was this just a subconscious excuse for Young Brown to be preyed upon by his own sinful nature? The depths of Young Goodman Browns faith and goodness were shattered from one evening of embracing evil. The end result was an ill-tempted man who grew old never trusting his fellow man again, being at odds with all he chanced to meet. Never again could he look upon his Faith in the same light.

Free Essays on Bernard Bass

Critique on the contribution of the transactional-transformational leadership paradigms of Bernard Bass to modern management thought and practice INTRODUCTION Transformational leadership, (TFN) was first distinguished from transactional leadership, (TCN) around 1973 by Downton. James Mc Gregor Burns, in the late 1970s, studying the histories of various political leaders, continued to redefine the differences in (TFN) leadership and (TCN) leadership. TFN leaders’ and followers’ purposes become fused, as both seek new ways of working with an objective, thus achieving more for both. TCN leaders engage with followers in a transaction that involves rewards (pay, promotion, etc) for the followers, for superior performance. (Burns, 1978) In â€Å"Factors of Transactional and Transformational Leadership†, Bass (1985) concludes that neither purely transactional nor purely transformational leadership style would result into subordinates’ performance beyond expectation. Analyses of various surveys make him suggest that a mixture of both provides the highest outcome. While theories since the 1980s widely assume that one leader has only one style, others analyses of the correlation between leadership behavior and employee motivation suggest that transformational leadership would drive higher achievement than transactional, Bass observes that one leader, mainly belonging to one of the two styles, might show attitudes of the other style as well based on contingencies. Ultimately Bass expanded upon the theories of Downton and Burns, and brought in several contributions of which the most notable are the four â€Å"I’s†, (Inspiration, Intellectual Stimulation, Individual Consideration, Charisma) and the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire which helps determine the leader’s strengths and weaknesses in transformational leadership areas. CONTRIBUTIONS TO MODERN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THEORIES The contribution made b... Free Essays on Bernard Bass Free Essays on Bernard Bass Critique on the contribution of the transactional-transformational leadership paradigms of Bernard Bass to modern management thought and practice INTRODUCTION Transformational leadership, (TFN) was first distinguished from transactional leadership, (TCN) around 1973 by Downton. James Mc Gregor Burns, in the late 1970s, studying the histories of various political leaders, continued to redefine the differences in (TFN) leadership and (TCN) leadership. TFN leaders’ and followers’ purposes become fused, as both seek new ways of working with an objective, thus achieving more for both. TCN leaders engage with followers in a transaction that involves rewards (pay, promotion, etc) for the followers, for superior performance. (Burns, 1978) In â€Å"Factors of Transactional and Transformational Leadership†, Bass (1985) concludes that neither purely transactional nor purely transformational leadership style would result into subordinates’ performance beyond expectation. Analyses of various surveys make him suggest that a mixture of both provides the highest outcome. While theories since the 1980s widely assume that one leader has only one style, others analyses of the correlation between leadership behavior and employee motivation suggest that transformational leadership would drive higher achievement than transactional, Bass observes that one leader, mainly belonging to one of the two styles, might show attitudes of the other style as well based on contingencies. Ultimately Bass expanded upon the theories of Downton and Burns, and brought in several contributions of which the most notable are the four â€Å"I’s†, (Inspiration, Intellectual Stimulation, Individual Consideration, Charisma) and the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire which helps determine the leader’s strengths and weaknesses in transformational leadership areas. CONTRIBUTIONS TO MODERN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THEORIES The contribution made b...

William Rosecrans - General William Rosecrans - Civil War - Army of the Cumberland

William Rosecrans - General William Rosecrans - Civil War - Army of the Cumberland William Rosecrans - Early Life Career: William Starke Rosecrans was born at Little Taylor Run, OH on September 6, 1819. The son of Crandall Rosecrans and Jemima Hopkins, he received little formal education as a youngster and was forced to rely on what he could learn from books. Leaving home at age thirteen, he clerked at a store in Mansfield, OH before attempting to obtain an appointment to West Point from Representative Alexander Harper. Meeting with the congressman, his interview proved so impressive that he received the appointment that Harper had intended to give to his son. Entering West Point in 1838, Rosecrans proved a gifted student. Dubbed Old Rosy by his classmates, he excelled in the classroom and graduated ranked 5th in a class of 56. For this academic achievement, Rosecrans was assigned to the Corps of Engineers as a brevet second lieutenant. Marrying Anna Hegeman on August 24, 1843, Rosecrans received a posting to Fort Monroe, VA. After a year there, he requested and was granted a transfer back to West Point to teach engineering. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, he was retained at the academy while his classmates went south to fight. William Rosecrans - Leaving the Army: While the fighting raged, Rosecrans continued teaching before moving to Rhode Island and Massachusetts on engineering assignments. Later ordered to the Washington Navy Yard, Rosecrans began seeking civilian jobs to aid in supporting his growing family. In 1851, he sought a teaching post at the Virginia Military Institute, but turned down when the school hired Thomas J. Jackson. In 1854, after suffering from declining health, Rosecrans left the US Army and took a position with a mining company in western Virginia. A skillful businessman, he prospered and later formed an oil refining company in Cincinnati, OH. William Rosecrans - The Civil War Begins: Badly burned during an accident in 1859, Rosecrans required eighteen months to recover. His return to health coincided with the start of the Civil War in 1861. Offering his services to Ohio Governor William Dennison, Rosecrans was initially made an aide-de-camp to Major General George B. McClellan before being promoted to colonel and given command of the 23rd Ohio Infantry. Promoted to brigadier general on May 16, he won victories at Rich Mountain and Corricks Ford, though credit went to McClellan. When McClellan was ordered to Washington after the defeat at Bull Run, Rosecrans was given command in western Virginia. Eager to take action, Rosecrans lobbied for a winter campaign against Winchester, VA but was blocked by McClellan who promptly transferred away most of his troops. In March 1862, Major General John C. Frà ©mont replaced Rosecrans and he was ordered west to command two divisions in Major General John Popes Army of the Mississippi. Taking part in Major General Henry Hallecks Siege of Corinth in April and May, Rosecrans received command of the Army of the Mississippi in June when Pope was ordered east. Subordinate to Major General Ulysses S. Grant, Rosecrans argumentative personality clashed with his new commander. William Rosecrans - The Army of the Cumberland: On September 19, Rosecrans won the Battle of Iuka when he defeated Major General Stirling Price. The following month, he successfully defended Corinth though his men were hard-pressed for much of the battle. In the wake of the fighting, Rosecrans earned Grants ire when he failed to quickly pursue the beaten enemy. Hailed in the northern press, Rosecrans twin victories earned him command of XIV Corps which was soon renamed the Army of the Cumberland. Replacing Major General Don Carlos Buell who had recently checked the Confederates at Perryville, Rosecrans was promoted to major general. Re-equipping the army at Nashville, TN through November, Rosecrans came under fire from Halleck, now general-in-chief, for his inaction. Finally moving out in December, marched to attack General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee near Murfreesboro, TN. Opening the Battle of Stones River on December 31, both commanders intended to attack the others right flank. Moving first, Braggs assault drove back Rosecrans lines. Mounting a strong defense, the Union troops were able avert disaster. After both sides remained in place on January 1, 1863, Bragg again attacked the next day and sustained heavy losses. Unable to defeat Rosecrans, Bragg withdrew to Tullahoma, TN. Remaining at Murfreesboro for the next six months to reinforce and refit, Rosecrans again drew criticism from Washington for his inaction. After Halleck threatened to send some his troops to aid in Grants Siege of Vicksburg, the Army of the Cumberland finally moved out. Beginning on June 24, Rosecrans conducted the Tullahoma Campaign which saw him use a brilliant series of maneuvers to force Bragg out of central Tennessee in little more than a week while sustaining fewer than 600 casualties. William Rosecrans - Disaster at Chickamauga: Though a tremendous success, his accomplishment failed to garner major attention, much to his ire, due to the Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. Pausing to assess his options, Rosecrans pressed on in late August. As before, he out-maneuvered Bragg and forced the Confederate commander to abandon Chattanooga. Union troops took the city on September 9. Abandoning the cautiousness that had been part of his earlier operations, Rosecrans pushed into northwest Georgia with his corps widely spread apart. When one was nearly beaten by Bragg at Daviss Cross Roads on September 11, Rosecrans ordered the army to concentrate near Chickamauga Creek. On September 19, Rosecrans met Braggs army near the creek and opened the Battle of Chickamauga. Recently reinforced by Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps from Virginia, Bragg began a series of attacks on the Union line. Holding through the day, Rosecrans army was driven from the field the next day after a poorly-worded order from his headquarters inadvertently opened a large gap in the Union line through which the Confederates attacked. Retreating to Chattanooga, Rosecrans attempted to organize a defense while Major General George H. Thomas delayed the Confederates. William Rosecrans - Removal from Command: Though he established a strong position at Chattanooga, Rosecrans was shattered by the defeat and his army was soon besieged by Bragg. Lacking the initiative to break out, Rosecrans position worsened. To remedy the situation, President Abraham Lincoln unified Union command in the West under Grant. Ordering reinforcements to Chattanooga, Grant arrived in the city and replaced Rosecrans with Thomas on October 19. Traveling north, Rosecrans received orders to command the Department of Missouri in January 1864. Overseeing operations, he defeated Prices Raid that fall. As a War Democrat, he was also briefly considered as a running mate for Lincoln in the 1864 election as the president was seeking a bi-partisan ticket. William Rosecrans - Later Life: Remaining in the US Army after the war, he resigned his commission on March 28, 1867. Briefly serving as US Ambassador to Mexico, he was quickly replaced with Grant became president. In the postwar years Rosecrans became involved in several railroad ventures and later was elected to Congress in 1881. Remaining in office until 1885, he continued to bicker with Grant over events during the war. Serving as Register of the Treasury (1885-1893) under President Grover Cleveland, Rosecrans died at his ranch in Redondo Beach, CA on March 11, 1898. In 1908, his remains were re-interred at Arlington National Cemetery. Selected Sources Civil War: William S. RosecransNational Park Service: William S. Rosecrans Ohio History: William S. Rosecrans

Safety at the Fire Emergency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Safety at the Fire Emergency - Essay Example Overloaded buildings are also dangerous when the fire starts. This includes structures such as warehouses and factories which are packed to the brim and hence increasing the number of casualties (NFPA 588). Wild land fire is the opposite of a structure fire because it happens outside in the wild without habitat. Fighting these types of fires is also dangerous because of weather conditions such as wind which changes the direction of the fire. It is also hard to predict which area will burn next as the fire changes every time. These fires take long to be controlled leading to burnout by the fire fighters and hence laxity which is dangerous when it comes to fires. Due to the uncontrollability of the fire, prevention efforts are more crucial than the actual fire fighting. The fire fighters have to enact measures to prevent the fire spreading to a wide area and control it on one place to make it easy to fight which involves starting other small fires (NFPA

Culture Influence on Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture Influence on Education - Research Paper Example This research paper analyses the influence of culture on education within the perspective of critical pedagogy. Cultural Diversity in Contemporary Education The United States is increasingly becoming culturally diverse. The effect of this increasing cultural diversity is most evident in schools. But in spite of the increasing cultural diversity all over the country, cultural or racial-based segregation in schools has been growing. Alongside the evolving nature of U.S. education, ideas of how best to teach and learn in a culturally diverse setting have also evolved over time. The educational history of the United States, in fact, is full of examples of culturally biased policies that worked to segregate or exclude from formal education students of Latino, Asian, African American, and Native American backgrounds (Doyle 82). It is evident that ideas about racial and cultural inferiority and dominance have a profound and long history in the U.S. educational history. For a considerable pa rt of that educational history, the traditional knowledge was that students who come from minority cultures have a weakness ingrained in their identities. As a result, the faster students assimilated to the mainstream society the smoother would be their move to the upper rungs of the social ladder. In the second half of the 20th century, these assumptions were criticised and disproven, mostly by individuals from the cultures being forced to change. It is not accidental that educational campaigns supporting multicultural education and ethnic studies all appeared simultaneously (Nieto 88). Such campaigns stood for the condemnation of ideologies that had prevented numerous cultural groups from attaining educational success. All teachers nowadays deal with students who are more culturally diverse than ever before. This increasing cultural diversity influences teaching and learning. As an outcome of the evolving demographics of the United States and the rest of the world, culture and lan guage are ever more essential issues in contemporary schools across the globe. Unfortunately, only a small number of educators aside from experts in bilingual education, urban education, or English as a second language (ESL) have been sufficiently trained or experienced to teach students who come from diverse cultural backgrounds (Phipps & Guilherme 62). Consequently, numerous educators are not prepared to confront cultural diversity in schools. Such realities demonstrate that educational reform has to occur in certain areas, especially at the national, societal, and ideological levels. Meanwhile, students who are culturally different from the majority are especially at risk in a society that has viewed such differences to be weaknesses, and financial hardships to be a moral violation (Phipps & Guilherme 29-30). Nevertheless, change can start at any level, and this paper is rooted in the idea that teachers can and, indeed, should positively influence and inspire their students throu gh critical pedagogy. Knowledge is not unbiased, but it is usually viewed and handled by schools, teachers, and students as though it were. As a result, education has a tendency to be limited or narrow; it tends to accept only the least questionable and least offensive. But the truth is history is filled with fascinating controversies, debates, and socio-political conflicts. All

Background Of Toyota Motor Company Limited Management Essay

Background Of Toyota Motor Company Limited Management Essay Since it was founded in 1937, Toyota Motor Company has contributed to the development of the automobile industry and society by providing people with quality vehicles. TMC manufactures automobiles in 25 countries and regions all over the world. Today, its vehicles are sold in more 160 nations worldwide under the brand names of Toyota, Lexus, Daihatsu, and Hino, manufacturing small cars to luxury sedans, full-sized pickup trucks, and crossover vehicles. This report is mainly focusing on the human resource management system of Toyota Motor. The major issues like technological issues of HRMS, change management and innovation to management style of Toyota Motor Company in detail. It also depicts the relation between the human resource management system and among these key issues in the context of Toyota motor company. Technological changes in HRMS of Toyota include the recruitment and selection process of Toyota and different techniques how to motivate and encourage employees towards the objectives and goals of organization. In change management an example of change management has been explain about the Toyota Motor and different styles of management which are used in Toyota are also describe in detail and some techniques which Toyotas management is using to control and directing its employees. Some recommendations are given at the end of the report on those areas where Toyota needs some improvements. Background of Toyota Motor Company Limited Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. (TMC) was first established in 1937 as a separated company from Toyoda Automobile Loomworks, the leading manufacturing of weaving machinery. The Toyota Automobile Loomworks was then headed by Sakichi Toyoda, the king of investors (Schewe, Charles and Hiam, Alexander, 1998). The giant automaker faced its one and only strike in 1950. This event, however, supplied Toyota an important philosophy, giving it the labour and management system which helped Toyota to gain mutual growth and success in both domestic and overseas markets. Today, this philosophy is very important to the structure of Toyota. Toyotas production system improved in the late 1950s, establishing the Toyota Production System. This system became the major factor in the reduction of inventories and defect in the plants of Toyota and its suppliers. It also underpinned all of Toyotas operations across the world. It launched its first small cars in 1947. The operation outside Japan started in 1959 in Brazil and continued with growing network of foreign plants. Toyota celebrated its 60th anniversary in August 1997. It believes that its local production can provide customers with the productions they need, giving it the stable and long-term growth. It also has a global network of design and research and development facilities, consisting Japan, North America, and Europe markets (Schewe, Charles and Hiam, Alexander, 1998). Toyota is at rank 8 in fortune global 500 2007 companies of the world Toyota Motor Company is committed to the principle of Equal Opportunities by providing fair and equitable treatment to all individuals and applicants. Toyota seeks to abide by the intent as well as the letter of appropriate legislation in these matters and Toyota management team is committed to the promotion of and adherence to the Equal Opportunities Policy. . Why Toyota Motor need Innovation and Change? Any organization needs change for some reason. It may be for its survival if business is not doing well or may be business wants to attain competitive advantage. Sometimes this change is required due to the external pressure like mergers or change in any legislation. Overall change is for the benefit of the business and their employees. There are so many reasons for the Toyota for the innovation and change which are: Reduced Sales Customer Turnover Employee Turnover Loan Repayment Investments in a new project Extension of Organization i.e. overseas business Need for Technology Core Competence Customer Value Creation Basic Issues to Toyota Motor Company In the past, Toyota was not giving much attention to its Human Resource management system but now it is known that success of the Toyota is more dependant on its employees rather than on any thing else. Toyota Motor also believes its employees are assets for them and sometimes they give more attention to the employees than customers. They believe on the philosophy that organization with more satisfied employees having more satisfied customers. So now, It is necessary for the Toyota to choose the right employee for the right job. Because one wrong decision regarding selection of the employee will harm Toyota till that employee will work on that job. The three most vital issues related to HRMS of Toyota includes Technological Changes in HRMS of Toyota Innovation to Management Styles of the Toyota HRMS Change Management perspective of Toyota HRMS Technological Changes in HRMS of Toyota In this competitive environment of global business, it was very difficult for Toyota Motor Company to remain always competitive and managed profitable relationship with the customers. Toyota Motor is the 3rd best automobile corporation of the world and it always needs innovation (Ronald J. Burke, Cary L. Cooper, 2006). Innovation can be in any form or in any field e.g. it can be in the design, production processes, quality, product, managing human resource effectively etc. in this report main focus will be on the human resource management system of the Toyota. The solution of technological changes in HRMS of Toyota includes: Innovation in recruitment and selection process How Can Toyota maintains employees satisfaction and low employees turnover Innovation in recruitment and selection process of Toyota With the passage of time, so many technological changes have also come into the recruitment and selection process of the Toyota. Now for the selection of employees Toyota gives special attention. Because finding right employee for the any position is necessary for the Toyota Motors (R. L. Compton, Alan R. Nankervis, 2008). The first step in the process of acquiring the human resource for the Toyota is to specify the kind of work which will be done by the employees. Job analysis and job design are the process used to determine this Job Analysis Job Design Training of Employees Job Analysis Job Analysis means gathering the pertinent information regarding the nature of the specific job. It is determining the tasks that comprise the job which includes skills, qualification, abilities and experience of the employees (Ronald J. Burke, Cary L. Cooper, 2006). Now job analysis is must for every job in Toyota Motor. Job analysis serves as foundation of the every human resource functions. Products of job Analysis Job description: means written synopsis of nature of the job. Job specification: means description of competencies, educational, and experience qualification the incumbent must possess to perform the job. Job Analysis Method Different methods are used by the Toyota for the job analysis which are: Observation (Motion and time study, Work Sampling) Interview Questionnaires Functional job Analysis Job Design Job Design is the process of structuring work and designing work for the specific job in Toyota. Job design gives the answers to basic questions of how the job is performed, who is to perform. Both job analysis and job design are linked with each other. Two dimensions of job design include job scope and job depth (Ronald J. Burke, Cary L. Cooper, 2006). Job scope refers to the number and variety of tasks performed by the jobholder in the Toyota Motor Company. In Toyotas working environment most jobs have high job scope. In a job with less scope, jobholder has to performed few tasks. Low job scope can be the reason for dissatisfaction of the particularly job. Job depth refers to the freedom of the job holders to plan and organize their own work. Toyotas management gives freedom to its employees up to his control or limit and works at your own pace and communicates according to your need (R. L. Compton, Alan R. Nankervis, 2008) Training of the employees After selecting the employees, Toyota arranged training activities for its employees. To get this training is compulsory in Toyota. This training is very helpful for the employees and it takes less time to learn the employees lots of things than learning on job from own experience. Toyota Motor used different methods for the training of its employees like some lectures and training classes are arranged for them or give them on job training with the senior members who are having vast experience and can help the employees in its training. Job rotation is another term which is used for learning and developing new skills of the employees. How Toyota can maintain employees satisfaction and low employees turnover In managing human resource of the Toyota effectively the first step is to select the right employee for the right position. For this right selection of employees, it is necessary for Toyota to use new innovative techniques for selection of employees, compensating and rewarding to employees. Because job satisfaction is the most important variable and Toyotas success is dependant on its employees. So, Toyota always follows the innovative techniques for managing its human resource. Satisfied and committed employees are asset for the Toyota. It has seen organization with more satisfied employees perform better than other whose are not satisfied. So, Toyotas success or failure also depends on its employees satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Organization whose employees are dissatisfied with their jobs cost too much to the organization. Mostly they will be absent from the work or might quarrel with the co-workers .These employees do not take interest in their job which affects the overall pr oductivity of the organization and ultimately organization will suffer. There are so many reasons for their dissatisfaction; it can be the environmental conditions in which they work, Nature of the work like repetition etc. There are different techniques which are used to make employee satisfied and ultimately low employees turnover which are: HR Development Career Development Motivation HR DEVELOPMENT Skills and knowledge of staff is crucial for Toyotas innovation process. Most of the innovation ideas are come through the employees of the Toyota Motor. But the time is changing so quickly that every technology and change becomes obsolete in no time. It is important for the Toyota that its employees remain up-to-date with the knowledge and changes to compete in the industry Career Development It is the duty of the Toyotas management to provide the growth opportunities to its employees. Career development is an ongoing process that focusing on the developing and enriching the organizations human resource in the light of both employee and organization need. It is also the responsibility of the Toyotas employee himself to think about his career development. It is something which one can not do for others. It has to come from the individual himself. Toyota also helps, guide and provides opportunities to its employees. MOTIVATION Motivation is a feeling of satisfaction and commitment towards its goals and objectives. This is an internal psychological state which determines the action of the person. Employees are motivated via different ways .It is important for Toyota to give much attention to the needs of its employees and keep moving in the desire direction. Toyota enhances its employees motivation through two basic ways: Financial Non-financial Financial motivators Toyotas financial motivators are connected to the monetary need of the employees which includes salary system, bonuses, and allowances etc. which have usually short term effect on the employees. Base salary: A person is paid a salary for the job he/she is doing in a specific time. In Toyota, persons basic salary depends upon his knowledge, skills, qualification and competencies of the employee. Basic salary should be compatible with the job. It is required for the Toyota to give the compatible salary to its employees which keep them motivated and committed. Variable pay Sometimes Toyota gives incentives to employees to enhance or improve the performance of the employees focusing on the specific targets or projects. Financial rewards provide financial recognition to people. Extra money is given to the employee for their achievements. Benefits are also given to the employees for their well being which includes contribution to pension fund, health insurance schemes, life insurance, loan with no interest or lower interest rate, free use of products or services of the company, etc. Allowances for relocation, transportation, subsistence, accommodation, recreation, etc      Non-financial motivation techniques The most important technological changes which are used by the Toyota to motivate its employees include non-financial motivation techniques. These non- financial motivators are very effective it cost nothing to the Toyota but depend on the willingness of pertinent managers to pay more attention to their staff. These non financial motivators are connected to the work itself and having a longer term effect. Non financial motivators are honors, self respect, Change Management perspective of Toyota HRMS Change Management as it seems made up of two words Change plus Management. Change means to transform while management means the art of controlling, leading, organizing and decision making. So apparently change management means the art of controlling, leading, organization and decision making in the transformation process (J Dawkins, 2007) More precisely, in the context of Toyota Motor, we can define change management as systematic methodology of changing the individuals, teams and organizations from current state to the desired state. This change may or may not include all the employees of an organization. In the case Development of new system was very crucial for Toyota Motor. Company was using old system but new computerized system was needed. And Toyota was facing problems in changing the old system due to its employees behavior (Chaffey D, 2004) Change Management process Change Management process includes the Toyota context, pace and scale of change, people management, change management content plan page and implementation of plan In Toyotas Context In Toyota Motor company, management decided to change its old manual accounting system with new computerized system. Toyota Company needed the new computerized system for the following reason: Toyota Motor wanted to increase its efficiency in doing business and also wanted to gain competitive advantage over its competitor. For the development of new system company took the services of the other organization (J Dawkins, 2007) The new system was after the stage of successful testing was almost complete and the only problem for Toyota was the implementation because its workers who were resisting this new change they were thinking that after the development of the new system they will have problem to use it and they have to made major adjustment even layoffs are expected as a result of new system in reality company was predicting for the growth they were planning for product development and wanted to add new models and staff for managing this growth (Ayse Saka, 2003). After this implementation of new system lots of employees of Toyota was thinking about the early retirement. Pace and Scale of Change in Toyota Motor Company In pace and scale of change business needs to know that how many people are affected with the development of the new system. For this organization can choose different ways that how they will know about these affected employees because this new system had been used by the same people there was very high cost attached with the new system so Toyota Motor needed to know exactly about the number of people who are affected and how often they had to change their attitudes and behavior. Toyota should know the time period in which the old system will be replaced by the new computerized system (Joel Oleson, 2009) For this change Toyota needs a sponsor and best person fits to this role are senior and as well as influential personality of the Toyota. This was the first step for the Toyota to identify the sponsor next step was to identify champions and change agent who will bring this new change system in the organization. People Management in Toyota In the new system development process at Toyota the most complicated stage in the process was people management. This is the most difficult process of development of new system. Because people are the final user for this new system in this case Toyota was facing some challenges as their employees were not favoring the new system due to some future doubts e.g. they were feeling their selves insecure that this new system will be harm for them (Joel Oleson, 2009) It will not in the benefit of them. There are so many ways organization can manage this issue of contradiction (Ayse Saka, 2003). First it is the responsibility of the Toyotas management to tell about the change to its employees who will be affected by this new system. They should be aware of about this system before its starting so, then these hurdles do not exist. Now proper coaching is required for the employees who will use this new system. They should be trained and learned to use new system. Toyota should communicate new systems benefits and new opportunities which will arise due to implementation of the new system to the employees like presentations, road shows; team briefing and regular meeting of the senior employee would be called and arranged for the employees. Toyotas Change Management Plan Contents Page Change management is a very difficult process that demands a proper step by step process for the change in a firm or organization. It has been often found that employees resist to the change management process a lot. Same as the case of Toyota Motor which wanted to implement a change within the organization and was facing resistance from his employees. Change management plan contents page includes: Initial Knowledge Implementation Plan of Toyota Initial Knowledge For Toyota initial knowledge is called as the foundation to the change process. Toyota Motor believes, when they have a strong introduction to your change requirements, they can have a first impact on the stakeholders who may be the cause of the resistance to the change. The more impressive the introduction to the problem and the change need, you have the most chances of the success in the change management (Ayse Saka, 2003). An introduction is the part of the change process in which you introduce the objectives, needs, rules and policies and deliver change effectiveness. Implementation Plan of Toyota For Toyota Implementation plan in the change process works as the milestones towards Toyotas destination. In the plan first Toyota management sets its milestones so that they may not lose their track from the change process. Plan has a significant importance (Chaffey D, 2004) .It helps the people, technology, process, and the change implementers like Toyota Motor Company define the service, reduce ambiguity in the change process and it also help to mitigate conflicts within the firm where change needs to be implemented. Communication Whenever a change is required, the change management team is required to seek, produce and properly communicate the evidences to Toyotas management in support to the change. Taking employees in confidence has a great importance for Toyota, as the change is mostly not implemented due to the resistance from the employees (Helen Taylor, Cary L. Cooper, 1998) .And to get their support, it is widely required the good communications of the evidences to the support of change. Because if the employees will understand the benefits and reasons behind change, they will respond positively. Implementation plan includes: Readiness measurement By Toyota Involvement of employees Training Readiness measurement by Toyota Along with the strong communication, Toyota Motor also measures the readiness to use the change in the daily operations. If the staff will see it more ambiguous and difficult to implement, they will deny accepting change as it will not be secure to them. It may harm their performance that will impact on their jobs too. The experts in new system may replace them. So they will never accept the change. But if they find the system is easy to use and change, then most staff will embrace changes for the long term security. Involvement of employees Keeping the involvement of the staff and employees in the change process is also an important step for Toyota. If you keep their opinion and suggestions in the changing process, you may face very less probability of the resistance from them. It will give them an affiliation with the change process (Helen Taylor, Cary L. Cooper, 1998). They will consider the success of the change as their success. Keeping them aware and involve also keep them aware what is going on so that there would be less chances of negative words of mouth and rumors. Training The new systems and the changing should have training sessions for the employees who are use to the older systems and the business environment. The training sessions should be conducted by Toyota so that it may reduce the resistance, to increase efficiency and to avoid any risk in the stoppage of the production, jammed processes or other factors related to the less knowledge for the new systems (Chaffey D, 2004). Innovation to Management Styles of the Toyota HRMS Different management styles are used in Toyota to manage its workforce. These styles are dependent on the on various factors e.g. culture of Toyota, nature of the task, skills, qualification of the employees, nature of the leaders (Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L. 2003). Style of leader depends on all these factors and after analyzing appropriate style is employed. Sometimes different styles are used at same time to control the situation. Different Management Styles Normally there are three management styles which are followed by the different organizations including Toyota which are Autocratic Democratic Lassie Faire Autocratic In Toyotas Autocratic style employees involvement is minimal or not taken. No information is shared with the employees. Rules are set and then tell employees to follow them. All the objectives and goals are set by the Toyota top management. The communication flow is from up to downward from top level to low level. The advantage of this style is that objectives and goal remain constant. These type of leaders make unilateral decision and always keep an eye on subordinates whether they are doing the right things. In this style subordinates have no control on any thing and they just need to follow leader (Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L. 2003). The disadvantage of this style is that employees are dissatisfied and which cause the reason of turnovers, absenteeism and low productivity. Democratic In Toyotas Democratic style, employees input are taken in the planning and decision making process. Employees are motivated and encourage participating in the affairs of the Toyota. In this style every issues and problems are solved with the consent of the majority. The communication flow is both way upward to downward and vice versa. Democratic style is more often used at Toyota when the problem is complex and need everyone input. There are some advantages and disadvantages of this style. Employees are more satisfied with their job and turnover rate is low and productivity is high. Disadvantages may include to get everyone consensus is difficult. This style is time consuming because it takes time to get the input from others. Laissez-faire In Toyotas Laissez-faire leadership style, leader gives free hand to employees or a group or team and asked for the end result. Toyotas leader does not set any rules and regulations. Toyotas employees set the rules and objectives according to their need. Leader role is very nominal in this style. The communication style is horizontal in this style (Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L. 2003). This style is not very common in the so many organizations including Toyota but still used when management feels its need. There are also some disadvantages for this style, lack of staff focus, no clear hierarchy, poor company image and less dissatisfaction of customers How to manage Toyota Human Resource? Toyota motor company has also adopted the different management techniques for keeping its employees competitive, satisfied and to solve all the potential problems related to its HRMS. These different techniques are: Job rotation Job Enrichment Involving employees Communication Management by walking around Employee driven innovation Maintain a knowledge sharing network Job rotation In Toyota job rotation is the newly concept and it is effective as well. The process of moving employees among different jobs is job rotation. Job rotation helps employees to improve their skills, Knowledge and competencies. Employees get bored by doing the repetitive task every time so job rotation is a good way to keep them active and fresh every time (Jeffrey H. Dyer and Kentaro Nobeoka, 2000). Job rotation also helpful for the Toyota itself in the time of crisis, if an employee is unavailable due to the any reason other employee can do its work Job enrichment: Toyota Motor Company knows intrinsic factors in a job such as achievement, responsibility and growth need the job enrichment. With job enrichment employees are more likely to be satisfied with the job and motivated to perform it. Combining tasks takes existing and fractionalized tasks and puts them together and form a larger module of work. Forming natural work units tasks and employee does create an identifiable and meaningful whole. Establishing client relationship increases the direct relationship with the clients. Expanding jobs vertically gives employee more responsibilities and control (Jeffrey H. Dyer and Kentaro Nobeoka, 2000). Opening feedback channel lets employees knows how well they are performing their jobs whether performance have improved or not or remain constant. Involving employees Take input from the employees to increase their commitment is important for the success of the Toyota. The extent to which decisions affect the employees and Toyota should involve the employees. By increasing their autonomy and control over their work lives, employees will become more motivated, more committed to the organization, more productive and more satisfied with their jobs. Communication Keep informing the employees about the goals and direction of the Toyota. Communicate all the related issues regarding employee future, job and performance. Each and every matter which Toyota can share to the employee should communicate them. Every thing which affects the employees itself also communicated to them. Management by walking around: Visit to the Toyotas offices, factories, workshops, and labs regularly, always asking the employees about their work and work related problems, sort out the problems and giving them feedback etc.    Employee Driven Innovation Toyota believes in collection of key ideas and uses the experiences of most of the employees to create opportunities and new ways for them. It is important to bring incremental changes in culture of Toyota, products, behavior, processes, and in business models that create value for customers, stakeholders and the company. Maintain Knowledge sharing network It is necessary for organization to maintain knowledge sharing network that will help in quick knowledge diffusion than other competing manufactures. Due to the best knowledge sharing network organization can gain competitive advantage on other competitors. Knowledge sharing system made organization effective and capable to do any thing with in no time. This knowledge sharing network includes organizations employees, suppliers, management and all the related stakeholders. This network improves the productivity and reduced the delivery time. This knowledge sharing network of will solve three basic problems: Motivate and encourage members involvement and share their valuable ideas Reduce cost of doing business Prevent free Riders Conclusion Studies have proved that organizational success is affected by the innovative management styles. These management styles are vary from every organization to another organization. There are different managing styles which all used to manage employees. Management styles can bring success and innovation in the organization but the most important thing is that management style should be suitable for the organization Satisfied and committed employees are asset for the Toyota. It has seen organization with more satisfied employees perform better than other whose are not satisfied. So, Toyotas success or failure also depends on its employees satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Organization whose employees are dissatisfied with their jobs cost too much to the organization. The Change Management Could arises from several many situations and could be applied in several many kinds. Actually the type of problem or situation decides why and how to change. The successful implementation of change depends on the human capital that an organization possesses and also on the measures adopted to implement change. The main objective of organizational change is to bring about a strategic change in its organizational structure to better utilize its human and non-human resources to efficiently achieve organizational goal. Recommendations Effective and Timely Change Management is the secret of success of Toyota. But for effective change, Toyota needs to plan the design, sequence and implementation of change proactively. Satisfied and committed employees are asset for the Toyota. It has seen organization with more satisfied employees perform better than other whose are not satisfied. So, it is vital for Toyota to maintain a healthy relationship with its employees in order to become competitive. Today world is changing very quickly so Toyota should change and up grade its self with the modern standards and technologies. Toyota should welcome any key idea by the any employee. Self recognition, self esteem and honors are also very important for the employees so, Toyota should more emphasis on these non financial motivators and keeps its employees as most satisfied and happy.

Extract especially dramatic Essay

How does Miller make this extract especially dramatic and how does this scene affect the rest of the play?  In this extract we see a crucial change in all the principle characters of the first act. This is facilitated by Miller’s detailed use of stage direction, which he also used to ensure that this scene was acted correctly on stage. The scene is rife with tension and pathos. Its almost as if this scene were a trial of strength to put the three men is some sort of hierarchy. Whereas before in the play Eddie hardly talked to Rodolpho (and if he did it was usually through Marco), here we see him directly confront Rodolpho. Eddie saw the opportunity to let some of his aggression out when the topic of boxing was brought up. So he hits Rodolpho whilst ‘teaching’ him to box. Up till this point Rodolpho had seemed to be innocently taking Eddie’s lead but I think that there was something about Rodolpho’s response after Eddie hit him that was quite hostile, ‘No, no, he didn’t hurt me’. This was a response to Eddie’s question, so putting him in the third person seems to separate him from the scene, there seems to be a momentary status reversal between the two characters. All the other characters seem to take Rodolpho’s lead, as they are all aware of Eddie’s strange behaviour. Beatrice, initially supporting Eddie realised that the situation had gone a bit out of hand when Rodolpho was hit and pulls Eddie back into his chair, saying, ‘that’s enough Eddie’, fully aware that Eddie had far more grave intentions for Rodolpho than he let on. Catherine had read the situation before it had begun and was clearly anxious for Rodolpho’s safety as the stage direction states, ‘[with beginning alarm]’. Then we see at the end of the passage how Marco also changes. He sees Eddie’s action as hostile and so he subtly reminds Eddie with the lifting of the chair that he is stronger than Eddie and that he would win a fight if Eddie attempts to show further aggression towards his brother. So it would appear at the end of act one that Eddie has managed to isolate himself from his family and the two brothers. One has to feel a sense of Pathos for Eddie, as he is confused by his own feelings and unsure of how to act. Eddie’s insecurity has been prominent in this act and this scene seems to highlight it, almost as if the audience are being made aware of Eddie’s state at this point perhaps to explain his actions later in the play.

How Popular Is Italian Facts About the Language

If you travel to Italy and dont speak Italian, it seems as if everyone is speaking...Italian! But in fact, there are several different languages spoken in Italy, as well as a number of dialects. Where is Italian spoken? How many Italian speakers are there? What other languages are spoken in Italy? What are the major dialects of Italian? Most regions in Italy have their own accent, dialect, and sometimes their own language. The evolved over centuries and remained distinct from standard Italian for a variety of reasons. Modern day Italian is said to come from Dante and his Divine Comedy. He was a Florentine that wrote in the language of the people instead of the more  academic Latin. For this reason, today, Florentines maintain that they speak the true Italian as they speak the version made popular by Dante himself. This was in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, and since then, Italian has evolved even further. Here are some statistics relating to modern day  Italian language. How Many Italian Speakers Are There? Italian is classified as an Indo-European language. According to Ethnologue: Languages of Italy there are 55,000,000 speakers of Italian in Italy. These include individuals who are bilingual in Italian and regional varieties as well as those for whom Italian is a second language. There are an additional 6,500,000 speakers of Italian in other countries. Where Is Italian Spoken? Besides Italy, Italian is spoken in 30 other countries, including: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, Eritrea, France, Germany, Israel, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, USA, Vatican State. Italian is also recognized as an official language in Croatia, San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland. What Are the Major Dialects of Italian? There are dialects of Italian (regional varieties) and there are dialects of Italy (distinct local languages). To further muddy the Tiber, the phrase dialetti italiani is often used to describe both phenomena. The major dialects (regional varieties) of Italian include: toscano, abruzzese, pugliese, umbro, laziale, marchigiano centrale, cicolano-reatino-aquilano, and molisano. What Other Languages Are Spoken in Italy? There are several distinct local languages in Italy, including emiliano-romagnolo (emiliano, emilian, sammarinese), friulano (alternate names include furlan, frioulan, frioulian, priulian), ligure (là ¬guru), lombardo, napoletano (nnapulitano), piemontese (piemontà ©is), sardarese (a language of Central Sardinian also known as sard or logudorese), sardu (a language of Southern Sardinian also known as campidanese or campidese), siciliano (sicilianu), and veneto (venet). The interesting thing about these sublanguages is that an Italian may not even be able to understand them. Sometimes, they deviate so much from standard Italian that they are fully another language. Other times, they may have  similarities to modern Italian but the  pronunciation and alphabet is slightly different.

Human Gene Patenting A Specific Sequence Of Dna Essay

Human Gene Patenting While researching texts written about genes the most interesting topic that came up was human gene patenting. Gene patenting is the exclusive right to a specific sequence of DNA given by a government to the individual , organization or corporation who claims to have first identified the gene. Human gene patenting is one of hot topic in today’s world and it could have a major effect for generations to come. Gene patenting represents a contract between an inventor and society. The goal in this paper to explain some of the benefits and risks involved in gene patenting. To achieve this goal, the paper has been organized into four sections. The first section discusses what gene patenting is and some of the events that took place prior to gene patenting. The second section includes some of the benefits of having a gene patent and how it can help people with some diseases. The third section explains the risks of having a gene patent. Some of the companies that hold patents and do nothing will impact people who need help. In the last section discusses what could be done to improve gene patenting and how it will help humanity. Before staring the paper a historical context is provided so one can understand how it all started. Historical Context It all started with a women name Henrietta Lacks. An African American women who died because of cervical cancer in 1951. Cells were taken from her while she was alive and they were taken without her consent or anyShow MoreRelatedHow Can Scientist Patent Life?1171 Words   |  5 PagesHow can scientist patent life? The truth is that over 4,300 human genes were patented by biotechnology companies until June of 2013. This ethical matter was brought to the Supreme Court’s attention and their decision brought both victory and sorrow and failed to provide clear guidance on this subject. 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